Excerpts:
Ecological resilience is related to slowly changing variables... and other longer-term... factors
Adaptability and transformability are related terms that contrast degrees of change in social-ecological
systems. Adaptability is the capacity of the social components in a system to manage ecological resilience... Transformability
is the capacity to create a fundamentally new system configuration.
We broadly define learning as the process of proposing conceptual models, then testing those models through
empirical observation. This model of learning has been mapped or translated to resource management.
Learning appears to be a key ingredient for adaptive and transformative capacity in social-ecological systems.
