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The Wizard of Oz (Baum, 1900, 1956, 1984)
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L. Frank Baum

L. Frank Baum on "artificial" intelligence... "Experience is the only thing that brings knowledge"

JLJ - note that the Scarecrow spends the entire novel coming up with creative ways around problems - not bad for someone without a brain.

p.27 [Scarecrow to Dorothy] "Thank you very much," said the Scarecrow, when he had been set down on the ground. "I feel like a new man."

p.28 [Scarecrow to Dorothy] "Where is the Emerald City?" he inquired; "and who is Oz?"
 "Why, don't you know?" she returned in surprise.
 "No, indeed; I don't know anything. You see, I am stuffed, so I have no brains at all," he answered sadly.

p.34 [Scarecrow to Dorothy] "My life has been so short that I really know nothing whatever. I was only made day before yesterday. What happened in the world before that time is all unknown to me. Luckily, when the farmer made my head, one of the first things he did was paint my ears, so that I heard what was going on..."

p.35 [Scarecrow] I had nothing to think of, having been made such a little while before.

p.36 the old crow comforted me, saying: 'If you only had brains in your head you would be as good a man as any of them, and a better man than some of them. Brains are the only things worth having in this world, no matter whether one is a crow or a man.'
 "After the crows had gone I thought this over, and decided I would try hard to get some brains. By good luck, you came along and pulled me off the stake, and from what you say I am sure the great Oz will give me brains as soon as we get to the Emerald City."

p.36-37 "If this road goes in, it must come out," said the Scarecrow, "and as the Emerald City is at the other end of the road, we must go wherever it leads us."
 "Anyone would know that," said Dorothy.
 "Certainly, that is why I know it," returned the Scarecrow. "If it required brains to figure it out, I never should have said it."

p.39 "It must be inconvenient to be made of flesh," said the Scarecrow, thoughtfully. "for you must sleep, and eat and drink. However, you have brains, and it is worth a lot of bother to be able to think properly."

p.46-47 [Tin Woodman] The wicked Witch then made my axe slip and cut off my head, and at first I thought that was the end of me. But the tinner happened to come along, and he made me a new head out of tin.

p.48 "All the same," said the Scarecrow, "I shall ask for brains instead of a heart; for a fool would not know what to do with a heart if he had one."
 "I shall take the heart," returned the Tin Woodman; "for brains do not make one happy, and happiness is the best thing in the world."

p.54 "Have you brains?" asked the Scarecrow.
 "I suppose so. I've never looked to see," replied the Lion.

p.162-163 "Can't you give me brains?" asked the Scarecrow.
 "You don't need them. You are learning something every day. A baby has brains, but it doesn't know much. Experience is the only thing that brings knowledge, and the longer you are on earth the more experience you are sure to get."
 "That may all be true," said the Scarecrow, "but I shall be very unhappy unless you give me brains."
 The false Wizard looked at him carefully.
 "Well," he said, with a sigh, "I'm not much of a magician, as I said; but if you will come to me tomorrow morning, I will stuff your head with brains. I cannot tell you how to use them, however; you must find that out for yourself."
 "Oh, thank you - thank you!" cried the Scarecrow. "I'll find a way to use them, never fear!"

p.165 Next morning the Scarecrow said to his friends:
 "Congratulate me. I am going to Oz to get my brains at last. When I return I shall be as other men are." [JLJ - not so sure about that...]

p.166-167 "I have come for my brains," remarked the Scarecrow a little uneasily.
 "Oh, yes; sit down in that chair, please," replied Oz. "You must excuse me for taking your head off, but I shall have to do it in order to put your brains in their proper place."
 "That's all right," said the Scarecrow. "You are quite welcome to take my head off, as long as it will be a better one when you put it on again."
 So the Wizard unfastened his head and emptied out the straw. Then he entered the back room and took up a measure of bran, which he mixed with a great many pins and needles. Having shaken them together thoroughly, he filled the top of the Scarecrow's head with the mixture and stuffed the rest of the space with straw, to hold it in place. When he had fastened the Scarecrow's head on his body again he said to him,
 "Hereafter you will be a great man, for I have given you a lot of bran-new brains."
 The Scarecrow was both pleased and proud at the fulfillment of his greatest wish, and having thanked Oz warmly he went back to his friends.
 Dorothy looked at him curiously. His head was quite bulging out at the top with brains.
 "How do you feel?" she asked.
 "I feel wise, indeed," he answered earnestly.
 "When I get used to my brains I shall know everything."
 "Why are those needles and pins sticking out of your head?" asked the Tin Woodsman.
 "That is proof that he is sharp," remarked the Lion.