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Power-Dependence Relations (Emerson, 1962)

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Richard M. Emerson

American Sociological Review, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Feb., 1962), 31-41

http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~pmclean/emerson%20article.pdf

JLJ - Humans are always *sniffing* to determine the power relations in social settings, and always posturing to broadcast a status. It just seems to be built in. Once we determine the power relations, we test them, if we can, to confirm our guess. Just my two cents.

Now, read Emerson's opinions on power.

p.32 power is a property of the social relation; it is not an attribute of the actor.

p.32 it would appear that the power to control or influence the other resides in control over the things he values... In short, power resides implicitly in the other's dependency.

p.32-33 Power (Pab). The power of actor A over actor B is the amount of resistance on the part of B which can be potentially overcome by A... First, the power defined here will not be, of necessity, observable in every interactive episode between A and B, yet we suggest that it exists nonetheless as a potential, to be explored, tested, and occasionally employed by the participants... Second, we define power as the "resistance" which can be overcome, without restricting it to any one domain of action.

p.34 The "cost" referred to here amounts to the "resistance" to be overcome in our definition of power - the cost involved for one party in meeting the demands made by the other.

p.40 The least dependent member of a group will be the first to break from the group, and these members are precisely the most valued members.

p.41 First, the interaction process should be studied to locate carefully the factors leading to perceived power and dependency in self and others, and the conditions under which power, as a potential, will be employed in action. Secondly, and in the long run, more important, will be study of power networks more complex than those referred to here, leading to more adequate understanding of complex power structures.