p.2 In this paper we argue that processual thinking has become an important area of investigation because the unforeseen, change and unpredictability are the very conditions for the creation of value in contemporary capitalism. We furthermore argue that it is not only organization studies that have taken a processual turn; this has to a large extent also happened within mainstream management theories (see e.g. Hamel & Breen, 2007).
p.3-4 we want to study how unformed processes are formed into organizations... We draw in Deleuze to propose that such a form of process thinking will have to concern itself with... the conditions under which processes are constituted and conditioned in organizations (Deleuze, 1994).
p.4-5 According to a metaphysics of process and change, what fundamentally exist, at a base ontological level, are processes that unfold in a more or less chaotic manner... this metaphysics, however, does not deny the existence of organizations, but views them as effects or gradual hardenings of these prior ontological processes. Tsoukas and Chia (2002: 570) describe this interrelationship by way of stating that change "must not be thought of as a property of organization. Rather, organization must be understood as an emergent property of change. Change is ontologically prior to organization - it is the condition of possibility for organization."
p.6-7 the underlying scholarly challenge... has revolved around our inabilities to think and conceptualize movement, processes, becoming, change and flux in an adequate way (Chia & King, 1998; Chia, 1999).
p.9 the most essential asset of the firm: to be able to constantly innovate and change itself.
p.9 In place of planning and formal organization, there is therefore a generalized preference for valuing the project as a short-term and processual mode of organizing that can reorient itself, expand or contract as events and circumstances unfold. The project not merely designates the way work is to be organized, but even forms a new justificatory regime distinct from earlier forms ([Boltanski & Chiapello,] 2005: 105).
p.10 processes, change, flux and movement... are hailed as something that needs to be facilitated and attended to, because they are the very conditions for the creation of value.
p.14 Stephen Linstead... argues that "change must always to some degree be organized to be thinkable" (Linstead, 2002: 105)... he urges us to "constantly reflect change as a condition in its other terms" (Linstead, 2002: 106).
p.16 knowledge is not derived from experience or from senses but from empirical ideas... the determination... is rather a matter of the expression of being
p.17 our analytical focus when we study process should not be on process itself, but the transcendental categories or concepts in which it becomes possible to talk about and see process. In other words, it is the categories or concepts that transform the process in itself to something else than itself (e.g. organization). In Deleuzian terms, we cannot study difference in itself but have to study the dynamic schematism in which difference is expressed or individualized in something else than itself
p.17 We need to create concepts to be able to know... we have to develop certain forms of pragmatic problems in which the constitution of process can take place. Deleuze argues that "you will know nothing through concepts unless you have created them"
p.18 we should understand the Deleuzian definition of the task of philosophy as a creation of concepts (Deleuze & Guattari, 2003)... How can we create knowledge about something if we do not have the categories or concepts in which the given can be given to us? ...If we want to create knowledge about something that does not yet exist, truth is not representational accuracy but the creation of problems that have practical relevance. Patrick Hayden puts it nicely,
The criterion for philosophical activity is not representational accuracy of how the world 'really is' as a closed system independent of experience but, given a theory of immanence, the success of the construction of concepts designed to respond to specific problems and real, particular conditions of existence.
p.19 as Deleuze and Guattari put it, "a concept always has the truth that falls to it as a function of the conditions of its creation" (2003: 27)... "the problem always has the solution it deserves, in terms of the way it is stated (i.e. the conditions under which it is determined as a problem)" ...Spoelstra (2007: 25) says that the method of Deleuzian philosophy is "not discovery but experimentation".
p.20 Knowledge is always a question of 'what is it for me?' (Deleuze, 2005: 77)... Knowledge is not based on abstract universals in which we seek truth; rather, the foundation of knowledge is subjective
p.20 we have argued that processual thinking has become an important area of investigation, because processes are the very conditions for the creation of value in contemporary capitalism.
p.21 The important thing is how we address processes... We are... against management in the form that goes against processes... We are for management but a different kind of management that focus on processes as the creative and driving force in the creation of value.
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