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Expertise in Nursing Practice (Benner, Tanner, Chesla, 2009)

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Caring, Clinical Judgment, and Ethics

p.15-16 The expert not only knows what needs to be achieved, based on mature and practiced situational discrimination, but also knows how to achieve the goal. A more subtle and refined discrimination ability is what distinguishes the expert from the proficient performer. This ability allows the expert to discriminate among situations all seen as similar with respect to the plan or perspective, distinguishing those situations requiring one action from those demanding another... the expert not only sees what needs to be achieved, but also how to achieve it. When things are proceeding normally, experts don't solve problems and don't make decisions; they simply do what experience has shown normally works, and it normally works.

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