p.10 Knowledge structures are classified into two types; declarative and procedural knowledge.
Declarative knowledge is open to conscious inspection... procedural knowledge reflects the routines that
people use to pursue personal goals... This knowledge is automatically activated and operates subconsciously
p.15 Anderson (1993) defined schemata as knowledge structures that stem from prior experience and organize
the processing of information. Schemata also guide behavior in the form of expectations... In short, schemata is a
broad term for knowledge structures - organized groupings of information in memory that summarize past experiences and guide
future behavior.
p.20 A script comprises a set of sequential step-by-step instructions for accomplishing a specific
task. The term script refers to the sequencing and categorization of behavior across time to accomplish a goal...
Scripts are mindless in that they are well learned and the behavior is some what habitual.
p.21 Scripts act as a type of automatic pilot and provide guidelines on how to act when one encounters
new situations.
p.21 As step-by-step instructions for any given behavior, scripts make it possible to plan and execute
everyday activities and aid in the recognition of the familiar activities of others (Bower et al. 1979)... Because
scripts are sequential, they frequently reflect a logical order. Scripts are stereotypic representations
of behavioral actions and reflect approaches acceptable in a given culture... Scripts allow people to be mindless.
p.22 certainty results in mindlessness. Strong beliefs minimize the need to reflect on
new or even contradictory information.
p.23 The rigid use of schemata for interpreting new information reflects mindlessness.
People do this in the interests of cognitive efficiency because to process all the new information available would
be too time consuming and mentally draining.
