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Making Strategy Work (Hrebiniak, 2005)
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Leading Effective Execution and Change

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Without effective execution, no business strategy can succeed. Unfortunately, most managers know far more about developing strategy than about executing it -- and overcoming the difficult political and organizational obstacles that stand in their way. In this book, leading consultant and Wharton professor Lawrence Hrebiniak offers the first comprehensive, disciplined process model for making strategy work in the real world. Drawing on his unsurpassed experience, Hrebiniak shows why execution is even more important than many senior executives realize, and sheds powerful new light on why businesses fail to deliver on even their most promising strategies. Next, he offers a systematic roadmap for execution that encompasses every key success factor: organizational structure, coordination, information sharing, incentives, controls, change management, culture, and the role of power and influence in your business. Making Strategy Work concludes with a start-to-finish case study showing how to use Hrebiniak's ideas to address one of today's most difficult business execution challenges: ensuring the success of a merger or acquisition.

vii This book focuses on a critical management issue: Making strategy work or executing strategy effectively.
 
p.10 The process of execution must be dynamic and adaptive, responding to and compensating for unanticipated events.
 
p.33 For an approach to be action oriented, it must emphasize variables that can be manipulated or changed. Effective managerial action assumes that key variables are under a manager's control; without this, there is nothing to manage.
 
p.34 To be action oriented, a model must also be prescriptive. It must tell us what should be done, when, why, and in what order. A model is action oriented and useful if it identifies how execution decisions should logically be made.
 
p.35 A clear, focused strategy is necessary for effective execution. One cannot talk of execution without focusing first on sound strategy formulation.
 
p.36 Execution is a dynamic, adaptive process, leading to organizational learning. For learning and change to occur, feedback about performance against strategic and short-term objectives is necessary... An effective model of execution emphasizes both action and reaction. It must be dynamic, allowing for feedback and adaptation.
 
p.50 Business strategy must be translated into short-term operating objectives or metrics in order to execute strategy. To achieve strategic objectives, an organization must develop short-term, measurable objectives that relate logically to, and are consistent with, business strategy and how the organization plans to compete.
 
p.56 Incentives must support the key aspects of the strategy-execution model. They must reinforce the "right" things if execution is to succeed. Controls, in turn, must provide timely and valid feedback about organizational performance so that change and adaptation become part and parcel of the execution effort.
 
p.58 the ability to manage change well is a hallmark of successful execution
 
p.65 It all begins with strategy.
It is impossible to discuss execution until one has something to execute.
 
p.67 Execution truly does begin with a good strategy.
 
p.86 To execute a strategy successfully, it must be translated into short-term operational metrics that (a) are related to long-term needs, (b) can be used to assess strategic performance, and (c) help the organization achieve long-term strategic goals.
 
p.87 Short-term operating objectives are vital to strategic performance if they reflect and are integrated with long-term strategic objectives. Execution will suffer if strategic needs are not translated properly into shorter-term metrics and communicated down the organization.
 
p.90 I have long argued... that strategy demands the development of specific capabilities if the strategy is to succeed.
 
p.99 Long-term strategic needs of the organization must be translated into short-term operating objectives in order to successfully execute strategy. The short term is a key to successful execution... It is necessary to have short-term operating objectives that provide measures or metrics that can be used to evaluate execution plans and efforts.
 
p.189 Good incentives are tied to strategic objectives or short-term objectives that are derived from strategy.
 
p.220 Incentives motivate behavior toward ends consistent with desired strategy execution outcomes. Controls provide feedback about performance, reinforce execution methods, provide corrective mechanisms, and facilitate organizational learning and change. Both incentives and controls are important to making strategy work.
 
p.225 Successful execution requires the effective management of change... The inability to manage change effectively can destroy or seriously hamper otherwise valid and complete execution plans.
 
p.226 The inability to manage change is mentioned consistently as an ongoing execution problem.
Both the Wharton-Gartner and Wharton Executive Education surveys list the inability to manage change as the number one strategy-execution problem.
 
p.248 The result of an unclear model of cause and effect leads logically and inexorably to yet another problem: Learning cannot occur.
 
p.292 Strategy, in effect, defines how an organization positions itself to allow it to deal with its environment effectively.
 
p.304 Individuals or units that create value obtain power. Results clearly count. An execution plan must show the benefits that will accrue to the organization from effective execution for it to be taken seriously.

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