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Competitive Intelligence: Gathering, Analysing and Putting It to Work (Murphy, 2005)
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Every business manager needs intelligence to find suppliers, mobilize capital, win customers and fend off rivals. Obtaining this is often an unplanned, instinctive process. The manager who has a conscious, systematic approach to acquiring intelligence will be better placed to recognize and seize opportunities whilst safeguarding the organization against the competitive risks that endanger its prosperity - and sometimes even its survival.
 
Christopher Murphy's "Competitive Intelligence" explains: the theory of business competition; how companies try to get ahead of their rivals; methods of research and sources of information that generate the raw material for creating intelligence; analytical techniques which transform the mass of facts and opinions thus retrieved into a platform of sound, useable knowledge to support informed business decision making.
 
The text includes plenty of examples and experiences from the author's own consulting experience. He draws on a wide variety of disciplines, including literary criticism (or how to read between the lines of company reports, announcements and media stories) and anthropology (understanding corporate culture), as well as the more obvious ones such as financial analysis, management theory and business forecasting techniques.
 
This fusion of insights from many fields of expertise provides a very readable, practical and imaginative framework for anyone seeking to gather and make effective use of market and company data. While focused on the British business environment, the lessons drawn are of universal application, and examples are taken from across the globe. In addition a chapter is devoted to researching industries and companies in other countries.
 
Although primarily concerned with commercial enterprises, many of the principles and techniques will also be of considerable practical relevance to managers in the public sector or not-for-profit organizations. "Competitive Intelligence" also provides a legal and ethical framework to guide the unwary and to curb the over-enthusiastic. The final chapter, Intelligence Countersteps, will open your eyes to the need to protect your own organization from some of the practices of less scrupulous researchers and investigators.

xxii Competitive Intelligence [this book]... thus embraces:
  • the theory of business competition - understanding the ways in which companies try to get ahead of rivals in the competitive struggle;
  • methods of research and sources of information that generate the raw material for creating intelligence, and
  • analytical techniques which transform a mass of inchoate facts and opinions - 'data' - into a guide to making better business decisions - 'intelligence'.
xxii Competitive intelligence makes considerable demands upon its practitioners. Obtaining it is intellectually challenging and tests their knowledge, ingenuity and resilience.
 
p.6 competitive intelligence... embraces all factors that could endanger or enhance a company's revenues and profits
 
p.7 the task of competitive intelligence (CI) is to help identify and properly assess both business risks and opportunities so that they can either be avoided or taken advantage of.
 
p.10 To become 'intelligence', information must be analyzed so that its competitive significance can be understood... the CI function must also influence decision making and should be initiated and directed solely by virtue of its contribution to better business judgements. The end product of any worthwhile CI activity is what practitioners term 'actionable intelligence'.
 
p.16 Any business lacking a strategy, a plan, a programme - whatever we call it - is undertaking a journey without a map. Its actions will be an incoherent series of ad hoc and perhaps mutually conflicting responses to new events.
 
p.16 Sensible strategy is not a form of straitjacket imprisoning management and preventing them from adapting to new circumstances. It is a guide and a means of coordinating the various activities of the firm towards the achievement of it goals which can - and should - be modified to take account of changing conditions.
 
p.25-26 A firm's competitive capability depends upon the resources at its disposal and how efficiently they are used... winners in business need to combine a sound strategy with a fitting level of resources. They must also correctly identify the critical success factors (CSFs) for the market sector they choose to compete in.
 
p.26 Ronald Daniel, who later became managing director of the McKinsey management consultancy... reasoned that there must be a limited number of features that were crucial for success in a sector. A serious weakness in just one of these threatened potential failure, whereas many defects in other spheres would not prevent a firm still being a winner.
 
p.55 The process of creating actionable intelligence follows a number of stages and borrows the intelligence cycle used by those operating in the military and political spheres.

p.56 According to the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) model there are five steps in the [intelligence] cycle: 1) Planning and direction... 2) Collection... 3) Processing... 4) Analysis... 5) Dissemination.

p.125 Actionable intelligence does not have to be solid enough to meet the high standards of persuading a court. If seemingly insubstantial and vague indicators point consistently in the same direction when grouped together, this will often provide adequate grounds for a management decision.
 
p.225 Anticipating the future actions of business rivals is vital in a competitive environment.

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