p.225 self-organized entities like ecosystems are able to generate structures and gradients if exergy passes
through the system. Exergy is the energy fraction of a system which can be converted into other forms of energy or mechanical
work (Joergensen, 2000).
p.231 Smit and Wandel (2006) identify three elements of vulnerability, which are (1) sensitivity, (2) adaptive
capacity, and (3) exposure.
p.232 A system has a high adaptability if the sum of all disturbances and changes in the attractor domains
do not reduce the system's degree of self-organization.
In this definition, adaptability of an ecosystem refers to long-term changes and thus to a higher
hierarchical level than resilience. hence, the important property of a system with adaptive capacity is a trajectory that
follows orientor dynamics, which is a general feature of ecosystem dynamics, but also a human target and therefore can become
a normative property. In contrast, resilience refers to the ability of a system to reorganize after a disturbance and
remain in the previous basin of attraction.
p.239 Adaptability, following the proposed definition describes the ability of an ecosystem to return to
an orientor trajectory.
