[Scientific Research, Human Needs and the New Economic Order, Augusto Forti]
p.6,8 some of these indicators and norms might not be universal... the norms might also be time-dependent,
needs changing with time due to the feedback between the satisfaction of needs and their perception. The satisfaction of certain
needs might often result in the creation of new needs.
p.9 Continuous analysis of the problem of needs is necessary as it is a dynamic process which is
influenced by the changing of social structures and... with their peculiar features
p.9 The needs should be considered in a broad sense... There is a strong connection between the maintenance
of peace on our planet... and the tasks related to the fulfillment of human needs. [JLJ - Perhaps there is also a connection
between a successful strategy in playing a game and attention paid to fulfilling the current and future needs of the game
position.]
[Scientific Research and Human Needs, Bisogno]
[Research Applied to National Needs - the American Experience, F. Hersman]
p.78,79 The next stage we went through was to recognise that the way in which our research establishment
is set up is not such as to make it very useful in solving new problems. It can solve the old problems, which is already known
about... But we were not doing a very good job in creating an organisation that could tackle the new kinds of research problems,
or move quickly into new areas... It was almost impossible to get people from one discipline to come together
with people from another to look at problems in a wider perspective.
[Development as if People Mattered, R.E. Case]
p.90 qualities of independence and creativity are not possessed by all scientists and engineers.
A little inquiry into the history of science will show the almost universally reactionary attitude of scientists to new ideas...
The average scientist has an essentially conservative mentality, he works within what the historian of science Thomas Kuhn
has called "normal science", that is an accepted model or paradigm which defines all problems and methods. The "normal
scientist" does not even have the intention of discovering new knowledge but rather contents himself with working out deductions
from the old... In sum, we can say at the very least that independence and creativity are as rare in science
as in any other part of society.
[The Quality of Life and Development Alternatives, Mallmann]
p.113-114 In order that human beings may experience moments of happiness, it is necessary that they should
satisfy aspirations. Aspirations are the concrete forms in which human beings seek to satisfy their needs
at a given moment and place. They are described in terms of the satisfiers with which needs are fulfilled; hence
they are socially and individually determined, and they are, therefore, existential. Satisfiers are the elements
with which needs are fulfilled: time, environments, human relations, goods, services, etc. And we call needs
the common characteristics of those elements - satisfiers - without which human beings are in one way or another impaired
or become ill; e.g. their functioning falls below potentially attainable levels compared with other human beings.
Needs are, therefore, universal. They are present in every human being.
p.116-117 An individual's quality of life is determined by the dynamic process of the satisfying
or failing to satisfy his aspirations. It is thus a concept which refers to individuals, but determined, like aspirations,
by the dynamic interaction between a given individual, his society and his habitat... we may conclude that objective quality
of life improves when socially determined minimum needs are progressively being satisfied (survival, security, etc)
[Notes on Basic Needs - Priorities and Normative Change, Hartmut Bossel]
